One way to prepare is to solve questions from previous editions, paying attention to the commands and contexts involved in the topics.Professor Eduardo Calbucci explains that the skills assessed in Languages follow a consolidated history.
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The first instruction we give to students is to study previous exams. The skills required by the Enem have been the same for 16, 17 years.
Professor Eli Carlos Guimarães defines that the backbone of the exam is reading and text interpretation.
Every year, more than a third of the questions require an analysis of text genres, such as cartoons, opinion articles, reviews, songs, and digital posts, as well as linguistic variation and language functions. The text changes, but the skill being tested is completely predictable.
How to deal with the texts during the exam
For the 18-year-old student, Pedro Augusto Rocha Rodrigues, the large volume of reading in the questions is one of the challenges of the assessment.
As always, the Enem has a lot of text, a very complex thing to process and digest. If you don't understand the command, there's no way to solve the question in an appropriate way.
Professor Eli agrees with Pedro and details thatThe best strategy for the exam is to first read the question's instructions, which are located below the text..
Knowing exactly what the exam board is asking, you will approach the text with a focused eye on the correct information. This way, you save time and avoid unnecessary re-readings.
In the final stretch, the professor recommends reviewing grammar functions, linguistic variation, and textual cohesion, with a focus on connectors such as "however," "therefore," and "although," understanding how words are articulated to build the meaning of the text.
What falls under Literature?
The most important thing is to understand the relationships between the historical context, the ideas of an era, and the characteristics of literary works, the themes.The professor exemplifies that the context of Brazilian modernism and the 1922 Modern Art Week helps to understand the search for new forms of expression that marked the time.
Among the contents and authors that deserve review, Eli highlights:
Modernism, mainly the first and second phases, with Drummond, Graciliano Ramos, Cecília Meirelles, Machado de Assis' realism, and Romanticism. Also, pay attention to contemporary literature, because it gives voice to social issues, such as the works of Conceição Evaristo, Carolina Maria de Jesus, and indigenous literature.
Foreign language
In English, it is necessary to go beyond the traditional reading of texts, as explained by Professor Tiago Gentil.
The Enem tends to employ not only texts and interpretation, but the relationship between images, diagrams, everyday situations and documents. It is not about focusing only on vocabulary and grammar, but paying attention to contexts and the overall message being conveyed.
According to Gentil, poems in English have appeared in the more recent editions of the exam.
In Spanish, one of the precautions is with false cognates: words that are similar in both languages, but have different meanings.This is the warning of Professor Julio Manuel Sanchez Tello.
For example, for Spanish speakers, something strange is something refined, something delicious, something tasty. Not the strangeness of rarity and rarity, as it would be in the Portuguese language.
The professor comments that the structure of the Spanish exam typically includes two or three Spanish texts and five questions in Portuguese, primarily for interpretation.
Pure grammar appears very rarely. Synonyms and antonyms appear within the context of the text itself. Syntax is very rare.
*Produced by Salete Sobreira and sound by Jailton Sodré, from Rádio Nacional in Brasília.